A medical power of attorney is a legal document that names someone to make healthcare decisions for you if you're ever unable to communicate your own wishes. That person, often called your healthcare agent or proxy, steps in only when you can't speak for yourself, not before. It typically covers choices like treatment options, surgeries, and end-of-life care, guided by whatever preferences you've shared with them in advance. Many people pair this document with a living will, which spells out specific wishes, while the medical power of attorney designates the person who interprets and acts on those wishes in real time. Setting one up removes the guesswork for your family during an already difficult moment.