A healthcare directive, also called an advance directive, is a legal document that spells out your medical care preferences in case you're ever unable to communicate them yourself. It typically covers decisions like life support, resuscitation, and pain management, and it can also name a healthcare proxy, someone you trust to make decisions on your behalf if the situation isn't explicitly addressed. Without one in place, doctors and family members may be left guessing about your wishes during an already stressful time, which can lead to disagreements or care that doesn't reflect what you actually wanted.

Creating a healthcare directive doesn't require a lawyer in most states, though it's a good idea to review your state's specific requirements and have the document witnessed or notarized. Pairing a healthcare directive with the rest of your estate plan helps ensure your voice is heard, even when you can't speak for yourself.